Written by : Lia Dahliasari
NIM : 1701344163
Lets talk about realist
and its relations with Israel-Palestine’s conflict. Before that, we should know
about two realist thinkers, Morgenthau and E.H.Carr. Morgenthau is a structural
realist, his thought that states will be more concerned with its own interests
when it counts the tendency stance on an international economic negotiations.
And E.H.Carr as realist historicist emphasis on state behavior when its under
pressure from other countries. He considers that the country will avoid the
threat of other countries because it can interfere with the domestic economy.
In order to avoid the threat of another country then it needs to be a
regulatory body for the country's economic norm. With the approval of the norm
by all nations become more secure economic security. Basically, the realist
view that the main actors in the political economy is the dominant state. Other
actors such as MNCs, and NGOs, or other institutions deemed not play an
important role. They are all run by the state and can not walk alone.For
realists, the most important issue is how to regulate the affairs of the state
in international political economy (Watson, 2008:34). It's referred as outward
- looking.
Before I explain about
realism and its relation to the economy, I would like to write the interest of
the Israeli-Palestinian's conflict. I pay attention to both countries, which
concerns the conflict 'inexhaustible'. Regardless of religion-based disputes,
conflicts between both country in the modern era began after World War 2 and
the Nazi genocide against the Jews. When the Jewish concentration camps
liberated, a thousands of Jews who need a place to stay flocked en mass to
Palestine when the population is predominantly Arab. The conflicts began to
break up and tried to mediate by asking the UN Partition Plan of Palestine into
two separate states, one for each of Arabs and Jews in Jerusalem as a neutral
region under UN supervision. On May 14, 1948 the Jews declared independence at
the same time establishing the state of Israel. The next day, Egypt, Syria,
Lebanon, and Iran attacked Israel which marks the beginning of the Arab-Israeli
War.
A year later enacted
temporary truce and borders set. Jordan took over the West Bank and East
Jerusalem, while Egypt controls the Gaza Strip. The next problem emerged in
1956 when the Suez Canal crisis, when Israel helped by Spain and Britain
invaded the Sinai Peninsula. In 1966, Israel's relations with the Arab world
led to the worsening outbreak of the Six Day War in 1967.
After war, Israel took over
the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem
from Jordan and the Golan Heights from Syria. Six years later, the Yom Kippur
War broke out and Israel's relations with the Arab countries worsened. In 1988,
the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) declared the establishment of a
Palestinian state, but they weren't in control of Palestinian territories.
Since then, the PLO continues fight for the independence of Palestine based on
the borders that once set in 1967. Currently, the Arab League, and most of the
countries in South America, Africa, and Asia recognize a Palestinian state. The
conflict between Palestinians and Israelis find a bright spot in the presence
of a truce.The ceasefire came into effect from 21 November 2012 until an
undetermined time. Egyptian President Mohammed Mursi became the most credit for
the establishment of the ceasefire agreement.
Palestinians particularly
like to welcome a ceasefire agreement with the down to the street. The contents
of the ceasefire agreement is for Israel to "stop all atrocities on land,
sea, and air, including incursions and targeting of individuals."
Palestinian factions must also stop "rocket attacks and all attacks along
the border." The another contents on the deal is Israel going to open all
crossings into Gaza so that the goods can enter Gaza.
After the ceasefire, the
military conflict between the two countries eased. However, this time both
countries being heats because Palestine joined the Vienna Convention 13.
Starting from the Special Envoy of the United Nations on Middle East peace,
Robert Serry, who has received a request from Palestinian officials to join the
13 international conventions and agreements. These treaties include the Vienna
Convention on diplomatic relations, child rights convention, the convention
against torture, and the convention against corruption. This request has been
formally accepted in the UN headquarters. The demand came as peace talks
between the Palestinians and Israelis closer to failure, and Israel make a new
bid to expand settlements in annexed Arab east Jerusalem and Palestine took
fresh steps towards state recognition effort their promised.
Palestinians have pledged not to cooperate as members in
the UN organizations during peace talks with Israel, on condition that release
of the prisoners’ veterans by Israeli. Palestine
also has asked Switzerland to join the Fourth Geneva Convention of August 1949
and the first additional protocol. Palestinians asked the Netherlands to join
the 1907 Hague Convention on the laws and customs governing the war. The entry
of Palestinians in the Geneva Convention would be effective because
Palestinians under occupation. Switzerland announced the Palestinian Authority
signed the Geneva Convention and set rules on war and humanitarian operations
in conflict zones.
The colonial regime of al-Quds Israel threatened to impose
new economic sanctions to Palestinians, in retaliation for the signing of a
number of international treaties. It is the diplomatic efforts of Palestinian
President Mahmoud Abbas failed peace talks with Israel. Abbas said that he had
received a letter from the president of Switzerland that ensure of
registration. Palestine determined to apply for membership in various UN
organizations and international conventions.
The economic sanctions carried out by Israel against the
Palestinians is:
1.
The transfer tax revenues collected on behalf of the
Palestinian authorities will be frozen, and the access is restricted bank
deposits in Israel.
2.
The temporary agreement between Israel and Palestinian
state that Israel collects taxes on behalf of the Palestinians and distribute
approximately U.S. $ 100 million / month.
3.
Without these funds, the Palestinian authority won’t be
able to pay the salaries of tens of thousands of employees.
Israel has also been decided to suspend its participation
in developing the gas field from Gaza Strip. Israeli Prime Minister, Benjamin
Netanyahu has ordered government offices to stop cooperation with the PNA. Palestinian Labor Minister, Ahmad Majdalani called the
Israeli decision isn’t legitimate and is a political move, not economic. The
Jerusalem resumed peace talks without progress. The State Department said the
United States has problems between both country is reduced. A spokesman for the
U.S. State Department said it’s still too early to tell whether the
negotiations will take place or not.
Palestinian Foreign Minister, Riyad al-Malki, criticized
the Israeli government's decision imposing economic sanctions against the
Palestinian National Authority (PNA). According to him, it gives bad affects
for peaceful efforts of both country. Israel should stop violating
international law. However, al-Maliki stressed that the PNA will continue its
efforts to join UN agencies. Palestinian President, Mahmoud Abbas, has also
signed a document request to join the 15 UN agencies. If Israel's economic
sanctions against the Palestinian Authority (PNA), they may stop security
cooperation with Israel.
In that case, we can analize that Israeli-Palestinian’s
problems repeated. Although the conflict didn’t use a weapon as before, but
still, the conflict took place, through economic sanctions proposed Israel to
the Palestinians. The realists who said that repetition of history. And these
conflicts affect the economy of each country. Both country have different
reasons in running the international cooperation.
We can conclude that the Palestinians carry out
international cooperation efforts with the United Nations, as a form of defend
themselves from threat of other countries. In accordance with EH Carr thought,
as a realist historicist emphasis on state behavior when under pressure from
other countries. He considers that the country will avoid the threat of other
countries because it can interfere with the domestic economy. In order to avoid
the threat of another country, then it needs to be a regulatory body for the
country's economic norm. With the approval of the norm by all nations become
more secure economic security.
Palestinians get involved with the international treaties
of peace with Israel because of the efforts have yet to find a bright spot.
Meanwhile, the Palestinians need to maintain domestic political economy from
the threat of other countries.
Then, the state of Israel as a 'stronger' than the
Palestinians, efforts provide the economic sanctions, as Morgenthau said about
his realist’s thought. He is a structural realist thought that states would be
more concerned with its own interests when it counts the tendency stance on an
international economic negotiations. Israel has an interest to Palestine and
Israel don’t agree with efforts of Palestine to join the various International
treaties.
Sources:
http://www.republika.co.id/berita/internasional/palestina-israel/14/04/03/n3flta-palestina-bergabung-dengan-perjanjian-internasional
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